Paul's Deliverdict

At the end of Rom 7, Paul is looking forward to a deliverance from the power of sin and death that holds him. His wretchedness is not relieved by the law, but only made worse. But he hopes for a deliverance, one that he characterizes as a future deliverance: �Who will set me free from the body of this death?�E(v. 24).

The statement in 8:1, however, is about a �now,�Eand v 2 makes it clear that what happens �now�Eis the �setting free�Ethat Paul said he was hoping for in the future. The word for �set free�Ein 7:24 is not the same as in 8:2, but the notion is the same: Both speak of liberation from death, of rescue and deliverance. 8:2 seems clearly to be referring back to the hope of 7:24, but announcing that the future hope of deliverance is now in effect. For those who are in Christ Jesus, deliverance is realized; there is now a rescue, now a new exodus. (This interpretation is based on Thomas Schreiner's exegesis of the passage, from his Romans commentary.)

What is extremely curious and interesting here is that the future deliverance that is now realized for those who are in Christ Jesus by baptism is the ground on which Paul announces that there is no condemnation. Note the sequence in 8:1-2: There is no condemnation for those in Christ Jesus because the law of the Spirit of life has liberated you from the law of sin and death. There is a present deliverance, the breaking in of a future deliverance in the now; and because of this deliverance, this future deliverance made present, there is no condemnation for those in Christ. In short, the �no condemnation�Eis declared in view of future deliverance now made present.

There is yet a closer link between the deliverance and the declaration of �no condemnation.�E The word for �condemnation�Eis KATAKRIMA, a word used in legal contexts to refer to a verdict of guilty. In courtroom settings, to �condemn�Emeans to �pass a guilty verdict.�E And the word has that connotation here. It is a forensic term.

But what Paul is talking about is not only a forensic declaration, a verdict of not guilty. The sequence of Paul�s discussion makes that impossible. To verse 1 we can pose the question, Why is there no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus? And verse 2 answers, Because the Spirit has delivered from sin and death. The deliverance from the power of sin through the Spirit is the ground for the verdict of no condemnation. The �no condemnation�Eis not just a declaration about the status of those who are in Christ; it is also a declaration of their deliverance from Sin and Death.

Paul goes on to emphasize that those who have been liberated from Sin and Death through the Spirit do what the Law requires, and are not only righteous in status, but also actually perform righteousness. The declaration of �no condemnation�Ethus embraces not only the status of the person, but is a declaration that describes or effects the liberation from Sin and the power to walk in newness of life. Perhaps the GAR ("for") should be taken as "in that" (it is sometimes used in an explanatory sense, according to BAG). The sequence of thought would then be: There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, in that the law of the Spirit of life has set you free from the law of Sin and Death. The "no condemnation" is explained as a liberation from Sin and Death.

Whether or not the GAR has this force here, the passage has important implications for how we are understanding justification in Paul�s thought. Condemnation, KATAKRIMA, is the opposite of justification, and a declaration of �no condemnation�Eis essentially a declaration of �justified.�E But the declaration of �justification�Ehere is grounded in a future deliverance from Sin and Death that has been made a present reality in Christ Jesus. We might say that the justification implied in v 1 is a declaration not only of status but of deliverance (as in Rom 6:7), that it is a declaration that effects a deliverance and doesn�t merely affect the status of the person who is justified.

posted by Peter J. Leithart on Monday, October 18, 2004 at 08:21 AM

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